Mpox, previously known as monkeypox, has recently resurfaced as a public health concern, particularly with the emergence of a new, more severe strain. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared a public health emergency related to cases in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, highlighting the need for awareness and vigilance. Here, we’ll explore the signs and symptoms of Mpox to help you recognize the disease early and seek appropriate medical care.
What is Mpox?
Mpox is a viral zoonotic disease, meaning it can spread from animals to humans. It is caused by the monkeypox virus, a member of the orthopoxvirus family, which also includes the virus that causes smallpox. While Mpox is less severe than smallpox, it can still lead to significant health complications, especially in vulnerable populations.
How is Mpox Transmitted?
Mpox spreads through close contact with an infected person or animal, or with materials contaminated with the virus. This includes direct contact with body fluids, lesions, respiratory droplets, or items like bedding or clothing that have been in contact with an infected person or animal.
Signs and Symptoms of Mpox
The symptoms of Mpox usually develop within 5 to 21 days after exposure and can last for 2 to 4 weeks. The disease typically presents in two stages:
- Initial Symptoms (Prodromal Phase):
- Fever: Often the first sign, with temperatures rising above 100.4°F (38°C).
- Headache: Severe headaches are common in the early stages.
- Muscle Aches: Myalgia or muscle pain often accompanies the fever.
- Backache: Patients frequently report significant lower back pain.
- Swollen Lymph Nodes: Lymphadenopathy, or swelling of the lymph nodes, is a distinguishing feature of Mpox, setting it apart from smallpox.
- Chills and Exhaustion: General malaise, chills, and profound fatigue are typical early symptoms.
- Rash Development:
- Day 1-3: A rash typically begins on the face and then spreads to other parts of the body, including the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.
- Progression: The rash progresses through several stages, starting as flat red spots (macules) that become raised bumps (papules), then filled with clear fluid (vesicles), followed by pus-filled lesions (pustules), and finally scabbing over and healing.
- Pain and Itchiness: The rash can be painful and itchy, particularly in the pustular stage.
- Lesion Location: Lesions may also occur inside the mouth, on the genitals, and around the eyes.
Complications
While most people recover fully, Mpox can lead to complications, especially in immunocompromised individuals, pregnant women, and children. Complications can include:
- Secondary Infections: Bacterial infections of the skin lesions.
- Pneumonia: Respiratory complications can occur, especially if the virus spreads to the lungs.
- Encephalitis: In rare cases, the virus can cause inflammation of the brain.
- Eye Involvement: Lesions near or in the eyes can lead to vision problems or even blindness.
When to Seek Medical Attention
If you suspect you have been exposed to Mpox or are experiencing symptoms, it’s crucial to seek medical attention promptly. Early diagnosis and supportive care can help manage symptoms and prevent complications. Healthcare providers may recommend isolation to prevent the spread of the virus to others.
Conclusion
Awareness of Mpox and its symptoms is essential, particularly with the emergence of more virulent strains. If you experience any of the signs or symptoms mentioned above, consult with a healthcare professional immediately. Staying informed and taking precautions can help prevent the spread of Mpox and protect your health.
Written by DapraLab
